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9th Class - Social Science Civics

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9th Class - Social Science Civics
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Working of Institutions

Textbook Exercises

Question1.
If you are elected as the President of India which of the following decision can you take on your own?
  • Select the person you like as Prime Minister
  • Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sakha
  • Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by bpth die Houses
  • Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Min isters

Answer:

  • The reconsideration of a bill passed by both houses can be done by the president
Question2.
Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
  • District Collector
  • Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
  • Home Minister
  • Director General of Police

Answer:

  • Home Minister is a part of the political executive
Question3.
Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
  • Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme court
  • Judiciary can stike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution
  • Judiciary is independent of the Executive
  • Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated

Answer:

  • No law passed by the parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court
Question4.
Which of the following institutions can make changes in an existing law of the country?
  • The Supreme Court
  • The President
  • The Prime Minister
  • The Parliament

Answer:

  • The parliament can make changes in the law of the country
Question5.
Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released
  • new policy is being made to increase the jute exportsfrom the country
    		•
  • Ministry of Deforce
    		•
  • Telephone servi¬ces will be made more accessible to rural areas
    		•
  • Ministry of Health
    		•
  • The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution System will go down
    		•
  • Ministry of Agri¬culture; Food and Public Distribution
    		•
  • A pulse polio campaign will be launched
    		•
  • Ministry of Commerce and Industry
    		•
  • The allowances of the soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased
    		•
  • Ministry of Communcations and Information Technology
    		•

    Answer:

  • A new policy is being made to increase the jute exportsfrom the country
    		•
  • Ministry of Commerce and Industry
    		•
  • Telephone servi¬ces will be made more accessible to rural areas
    		•
  • Ministry of Communcations and Information Technology
    		•
  • The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution System will go down
    		•
  • Ministry of Agri¬culture; Food and Public Distribution
    		•
  • pulse polio campaign will be launched
    		•
  • Ministry of Health
    		•
  • The allowances of the soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased
    		•
  • Ministry of Deforce
    		•
    Question6.
    Of all the institutions that we have studies in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters?
    • Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation etc. and different welfare activities for the citizens
    • Considers the recommendation of a Committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange
    • Decides on a legal dispute between who state governments
    • Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake

    Answer:

    • Ministry of Finance
    • Ministry of Law
    • Supreme Court
    • Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
    Question7.
    Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice?
    • In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister
    • Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers even before the expirty of their term
    • Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President there is no nefed for it
    • Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve lot of expenditure on election

    Answer:

    • Technically, the office of the Prime Minister is an office of appointment. The President appoints the Prime Minister. But with the parliamentary form of government as we have adopted in India, the Prime Minister has to be a representative of the nation
    Question8.
    Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film ?

    Answer:Indeed, no chief minister can make big changes in a day/but he can make certain changes which are in his power. Certain fundamental changes can be done to give others a lesson in administration

    Question9.
    A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option. Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose, and why ?

    Answer:I would choose to have a majority in the mock Lok Sabha. Of the two houses, the Lok Sabha is not only a more representative house, it is also the more powerful house. It helps make a ministry

    Question10.
    After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different reactions about the role of the judiciary. Which view, according to you, is a correct reading of the role of judiciary?
    • Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed With the government, it is not independent
    • Anjaiah says that judiciary is independent because it could have given verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it
    • Vijay thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. Die court struck a good balance between those who supported and those who opposed the order

    Answer:

    • is the correct reading of the role of judiciary. Judiciary is independent, it has the power to give a verdict against the government; it can even direct the government to modify its order

    Important Question

    Working of Institutions Class 9 Important Questions Very Short Answer Type Questions
    Question 1.
    Name the three organs of the Government?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    • Executive
    • Legislative
    • Judiciary
    Question 2.
    Who is the head of the state and the head of the government?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: The President is the head of the state whereas Prime Minister is the head of the government

    Question 3.
    What is a Parliament? Name the two houses of the Parliament?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: It is the supreme law making body of India. It has two Houses

    • Lok Sabha
    • Rajya Sabha
    Question 4.
    What are institutions?
    Year of Question :(2015)

    Answer: The arrangements which are made in modern democracies to run the government

    Question 5.
    Name any three institutions responsible to run the democratic government in India?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    • The Prime Minister and the Cabinet
    • The Civil Servant
    • The Supreme Court
    Question 6.
    Name the institution where disputes between citizens and the government are finally settled?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: The Supreme Court

    Question 7.
    Why democratic governments insist on institutions? Give two reasons?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    • Institutions involve rules and regulations
    • Institutions bind the hands of the rulers as these involve meetings, committees and routines
    Question 8.
    Which House has more power regarding the money bill? Give reason?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: The Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of any other money related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only delay it by 14 days or suggest changes, in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not accept these changes

    Question 9.
    Explain No Confidence Motion?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: Only a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members of the Lok Sabha is appointed as the Prime Minister. If a no confidence motion is moved in the Lok Sabha, and passed, then,the Government has to resign

    Question 10.
    With reference to the Rajya Sabha answer the following questions?
    Year of Question :(2014)
    • (i) What is its power relating to money bill
    • (ii) Can it pass a No-Confidence Motion

    Answer:

    • (i) A Money bill can originate only in the Lok Sabha. When it is sent to the Rajya Sabha, it cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can delay it for 14 days
    • (ii) No, Rajya Sabha cannot pass the No-confidence Motion
    Question 11.
    Define Executive?
    Year of Question :(2015)

    Answer: At different levels of any government we find functionaries who take day-to-day decisions, but do not exercise the supreme power on behalf of the people. All those functionaries are collectively known as the executive

    Question 12.
    Who appoints the Prime Minister?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: The Prime Minister is appointed by the President

    Question 13.
    What is the tenure of the Prime Minister?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: The Prime Minister does not have a fixed tenure. Normally a Prime Minister is elected for 5 years, but remains in power till he enjoys the majority support

    Question 14.
    Who are Cabinet Ministers?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: They are usually the top level leaders of the ruling party or parties, who are in charge of the major ministries like Defence, Railway, Foreign Affairs etc. Normally, all the major decisions are taken by these ministers

    Question 15.
    What is judiciary?
    Year of Question :(2015)

    Answer: All the courts at different levels in a country are called the judiciary

    Question 16.
    Which is the highest court of India?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: The Supreme Court

    Question 17.
    "The Constitution of India has made necessary provisions for ensuring independence of judiciary." Justify your answer by giving two reasons?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    • The judges are appointed by the executive on the basis of the prescribed qualifications, and according to a well established procedure
    • The Judges cannot be removed at the whims of the executive
    Question 18.
    Who appoints the Chief Justice of India and the other judges?
    Year of Question :(2013)

    Answer: The President of India appoints the Chief Justice of India. The President consults other Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts while making appointments of other judges

    Question 19.
    State any two powers of the Supreme Court of India?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    • The Supreme Court acts as the guardian of fundamental rights
    • It acts as a guardian of the Constitution
    Question 20.
    What is the composition of Indian judiciary?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    • The Supreme Court.
    • The High Court.
    • The District Court

    Working of Institutions Class 9 Important Questions Short Answer Type Questions

    Question 1.
    Why is there a need for political institutions?
    Year of Question :(2015)

    Answer:

    • To take decisions : Countries need political institutions to take decisions regarding the welfare of the people. Institutions formulate various policies and programmes
    • Implementation : The decisions which have been taken are to be implemented. So countries need institutions to implement the decisions
    • To solve the disputes : Institutions are also needed to solve the disputes between various institutions
    • To take right decisions : Institutions help the governments to take the right decisions
    Question 2.
    Distinguish between political executive and permanent executive?
    Year of Question :(2015)

    Answer:

    Question 3.
    Compare the power, tenure and working of both the Houses of the Indian Parliament.?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    Question 4.
    Why do the political executives have more power than the permanent executives?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    • In a democracy, the will of the people is supreme, and the political executive is elected by the people
    • All the political executives are answerable to the people. The people can change them if they dont work according to the wishes of the people
    • The non-political executives are the experts in their field but political executives have to see the welfare of all
    • The experts can tell the route, but the political executives have a larger view so they decide the destination

    Working of Institutions Class 9 Important Questions Long Answer Type Questions

    Question 1.
    Explain the major powers and functions of the Prime Minister?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    • Link : The Prime Minister is the link between the Cabinet and the President. The decisions of the Cabinet are conveyed to the President through the Prime Minister. It is he who keeps him informed on all matters of government
    • Formation of the Cabinet: The Prime Minister prepares the list of his Council of Ministers and sends it to the President. He can reshuffle hi? Council of Ministers whenever he likes. He can also ask any minister to resign if he is not satisfied with his working
    • Leader of the Lok Sabha : The Prime Minister presides over the meetings of the Cabinet. He maintains co-ordination between different departments of the government
    • Foreign Affairs : The Prime Minister plays an important role in the management of foreign affairs. He formulates the internal and external policies of the country
    • Leader of the Party: The Prime Minister has the main say in framing the policy of his party
    • Leader of the Nation: The Prime Minister is the most important leader of the nation. People always eagerly hear his views. His views related to any internal or external policy are heard more carefully
    Question 2.
    Explain the major powers and functions of the Parliament?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    • Legislative Powers : The Parliament can make laws on all those subjects which have been given in the Union List and the Concurrent List. Under certain cases, it can also make laws on those subjects which have been given in the State List
    • Control over Finance : The annual budget of the Central Government is passed by Parliament. Without Parliaments approval, the government cannot impose any tax or incur any expenditure
    • Control over the Executive: The Parliament can seek information regarding administration. It can pass a resolution of no confidence against the ministry and ask it to resign. Question hours are also quite effective in keeping the government and its ministers under control
    • Amendment or New Law : No amendment can be made in the Constitution without the approval of the Parliament
    • Functions related to Elections : The Parliament elects the President, the Vice-President, Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Deputy Speaker. Members of the Rajya Sabha elect the Vice-Chairman
    Question 3.
    Explain briefly the powers and functions of the Supreme Court?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    • Original Jurisdiction : The original jurisdiction extends to those cases which the Supreme Court has the authority to hear and decide in the first instance
    • Between citizens of the country
    • Between citizens and government
    • Between two or more state governments; and
    • Between governments at the union and state level
    • Appellate Jurisdiction: It is the highest court of appel in civil and criminal cases. It can hear appeals against the decisions of the High Courts
    • Advisory Jurisdiction : As the highest court in the country, the Supreme Court gives legal advice to the President of India on any legal or constitutional matter referred to it. However, the advice is not binding on the Supreme Court
    • Guardian of the Constitution: The Supreme Court acts as the guardian and final interpreter of the Constitution. If the government passes any law or issues any order which is in violation of the Constitution, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law or order unconstitutional
    • Guardian of Fundamental Rights: The Supreme Court also acts as a guardian of the fundamental rights of the citizens. When a fundamental right of any citizen is violated by the government or any individual he can seek the protection of the Supreme Court

    Working of Institutions Class 9 Important Questions Higher Order Thinking Skills (Hots) Questions

    Question 1.
    Explain the composition of the Council of Ministers?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: The Council of Ministers is a large body, it consists all the three ranks of ministers. The Council of Ministers comprises of the three categories of ministers. These are

    • Cabinet Ministers : Constitute the inner ring of the council of ministers. These are the top-level leaders of the ruling party / parties who are incharge of the important ministries. They usually meet to take decisions in the name of the council of ministers
    • Ministers of State with Independent Charge : They are usually in charge of smaller ministries. They participate in the cabinet meetings only when they are invited
    • Ministers of State : They are attached to and are required to assist the Cabinet ministers
    Question 2.
    Give any three functions (or responsibilities) of the government?
    Year of Question :(2011)

    Answer:

    • Government collects taxes and uses it for administration, defence and development programmes
    • Government ensures security to the citizens and provides facilities for education and health
    • It formulates and implements several welfare schemes
    Question 3.
    What is public interest litigation? What is its importance?
    Year of Question :(2011)

    Answer:Any one can approach the courts if public interest is hurt by the actions of government. This is called the public interest litigation. The courts intervene to prevent the misuse of the governments power to make decisions. They check the malpractices on the part of public officials

    Question 4.
    What is job reservation? What is its importance?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: Under job reservation policy some percentage of total government job vacancies are reserved for people and communities who are economically or socially backward. Job reservation policy give a fair opportunity to those communities who so far had not adequately been represented in government employment

    Working of Institutions Class 9 Important Questions Value Based Questions

    Question 1.
    Mention the ethical values which are reflected by the coalition governmen?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer:

    • Accommodating different groups and factions
    • Alliance
    • Interdependence
    • Cooperation
    Question 2.
    Under what circumstances does the President exercise his discretion in the appointment of the Prime Minister?
    Year of Question :(2014)

    Answer: With no single party getting a clear majority, a coalition of parties stake their claim to form the government. The President has to use his individual judgement and invite such a leader to head the government as Prime Minister, who can provide a stable government to the country

    Question 3.
    Why is there a need for political institutions?
    Year of Question :(2015)
    Or Why are political institutions important? Give any three points.[CBSE March 2011]

    Answer:

    • To take decisions : Countries need political institutions to take decisions regarding the welfare of the people. Institutions formulate various policies and programmes
    • Implementation : The decisions which have been taken are to be implemented. So countries need institutions to implement the decisions
    •  To solve the disputes : Institutions are also needed to solve the disputes between various institutions
    • To take right decisions : Institutions help the governments to take the right decisions
    • To avoid bad decisions : Institutions follow a proper procedure to take decisions. Institutions make it difficult to have a good decision taken very quickly but they also make it equally difficult to rush through a bad decision

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